To be more precise,Synthetic oils Are made from two base stocks: PAOs ( poly aliphatic olefins ) and Esters.PAOs are purely synthesized chemicals made from various natural hydrocarbons that come out of holes in the ground and Esters are made from fatty acids from plant and animal sources.
PAO based synthetics have the extra solvent property that can loosen varnish deposits that have built up in old engines that have been lubricated with mineral oils all their lives.These deposits can block oil paths and result in an engine seizing.PAO base stocks are less common today as it is more expensive than Ester.So the problem is unlikely to occur.
The resultant oil that is manufactured in either process,is chemically identical to mineral oil;mixing mineral oil and synthetic has no great problems other than you end up with a blend that is better quality than the mineral constituent and worse than the synthetic constituent.
Marge: What's Brunch?
Jacques: You'd love it, It's not quite breakfast, it's not quite lunch, but
it comes with a slice of cantaloupe at the end. You don't get
completely what you would at breakfast, but you get a good meal!
Synthetic has less contaminants than mineral (less dinosaur poo) and oxidises less than mineral because of this.Synthetic is not "more slippery" than mineral.
The quality of detergents,viscosity index improvers,PH buffers etc is dependent on the retail price of the oil -the better the quality the higher the price-regardless of whether the oil is mineral or synthetic.
The base oil does not break down due to shear in motorcycle gearboxes.The VI package does however.So a multigrade oil,say a 15W40 is a 15 weight base with viscosity index improver polymers than raise the viscosity to 40 weight when they get to operating temperature.
The VI polymers do get sheared in use and lose the ability to raise the viscosity and you end up with a 15 weight oil which does not protect your engine well.This shearing happens in all machinery but is at it's worse in the gear trains in a gearbox.More expensive oils have a more expensive and more durable VI package.
Other additives such as PH buffers that neutralise acidic combustion products and detergents that suspend solids (ash and carbon) so that the filter can remove them eventually become spent.
Then it's time to change the oil.
It's interesting to note that the engine oil in ocean going ships may not be replaced for the life of the ship.Through the use of hugely efficient filtering and decontamination plant and the precise control of oil temperature, the base oil can be used indefinitely.
By the way,I use Elf oil.
Not because it's better than anything else,I just don't like those bloody elves.
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