• Inattentional blindess. Made famous by the “invisible gorilla” experiment, it basically found that you can’t see things you are not expecting to see. So if this principle applied then if a car driver isn’t expecting to see a motorcyclist they simply won’t. No matter what they are wearing.
• Threat detection. This hypothesis is based around the concept that car drivers brains are less likely to process the presence of a motorcyclist because their brain does not perceive a motorcyclist as a threat as it is a smaller object.
• Fixed cognitive ability. The human brain has a fixed cognitive capability. If the car drivers cognitive ability is being consumed on other activities such as stress, children, work, road works, road signage, sun strike, a child on the side of the road, etc, then they simply have less cognitive function left to be able to process other objects on the road like motorcylists.
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