Why is autism on the rise?
Autism prevalence has risen due to increased awareness of autism, broader diagnostic criteria for autism, improved screening tools and standardized screening processes. These factors have led to earlier detection and more diagnoses.
Changes in diagnostic criteria: Diagnostic guidelines have evolved from the DSM-III to the current DSM-5, broadening the definition of autism. The modern autism diagnosis now includes people with lower support needs who previously got a different diagnosis or were overlooked entirely.
Improved screening tools and procedures: The development and widespread use of more effective screening tools, such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) published in 2001, have enabled earlier and more accurate identification of autism in all young children.
Increased awareness: Greater autism awareness in the public as well as among medical professionals has led to an increase in diagnoses. In 2007, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) formally recommended that pediatricians begin incorporating standardized autism screening at 18- and 24-month well-child visits, leading to a rise in autism diagnosis and improved access to early intervention.
While the impact of other genetic and environmental factors on prevalence is still being studied, they likely account for only a small part of the increase.
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