View Full Version : Lower alcohol limit for motorcyclists?
Kiwi675
6th March 2014, 11:48
Thoughts?
http://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/news/9798072/Lower-alcohol-limit-mooted-for-motorcyclists
BuzzardNZ
6th March 2014, 12:19
It fucking sucks.
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 12:29
It's just dumb to consider a different limit for riders vs cagers.
What's even more fucking retarded is the fact that the article mentions breath alcohol interlock devices for vehicles. I bet every hardcore recidivist EBA offender is just going to buy some deregistered wreck and drive that around to their local pub instead if their main vehicle has such a device fitted to it.
willytheekid
6th March 2014, 12:35
This....is gonna get interesting! :corn:
haydes55
6th March 2014, 12:38
It's shit like this that make me want to take off my number plate and give up pulling over.
I like a reader comment about drivers having radios, sat nav, phones, passengers etc. Distracting them from keeping their eyes on the road. Meanwhile motorcyclists look at their speedo or the road. So shouldn't drivers have a lower limit than riders?
In my opinion, incapable of safely operating any vehicle, means you can't safely operate any vehicle. Drunk is drunk no matter whether you ride it drive.
Most riders also have a car, does that mean if people have had a few beers they will drive instead of ride. So intoxicated people now have a heavier weapon?
Would intoxicated riders be less likely to stop for police? Fuck yes, 50demerits can fuck right off. I've got a few demerits, If I had a couple of beers the night before, I wouldn't want to risk being over the limit. I'd lose my license. I wouldn't stop.
paturoa
6th March 2014, 12:53
So what % of bike accidents are alcohol related? How does this compare to non-motorcycles?
What would be really interesting is: in how many bins, does the rider have a measure between 251 and 400? Suspect the answer is fuck all, so reducing the limit from 400 to 251 would do what?
Interesting that none of these types of stats are mentioned. Hopefully they are in the submission. Are the submissions online anywhere?
James Deuce
6th March 2014, 13:06
Fuck 'em. ACC levies based on fiddled data and bigotry and now this, based on supposition and bigotry.
Fuck 'em.
I don't drink and ride, but I'm not going to tell you what to do and neither can that small-minded, pencil-dicked, Titan Arum smelling, feeble-minded, dribbling, alzheimic, pasty, cabbage-brained, faeces-stained, vegan cyclist either.
Fuck 'em.
Fuck doing charity runs, fuck being polite, fuck helping old ladies, fuck taking my helmet off in petrol stations, fuck being civic minded and sticking to standard pipes.
Fuck. Them. All.
Robbo
6th March 2014, 13:08
What a crock of shit. Motor vehicle accidents still far outnumber motorcycle accidents so why just decide to pick on us.
Besides that, i would suggest that very few bike riders actually drink and ride compared to car drivers that drink and drive.
The Reibz
6th March 2014, 13:15
Im still going to drink and ride. #YOLO
Swoop
6th March 2014, 13:22
So if we are talking different alcohol amounts for different vehicles...
Why not a much higher amount for those towing a caravan? (You can always just stop and have a sleep).
Towing a horse float? (Higher alowance since you can just jump on the hay-conversion-device and it will let you ride it home!)
Also, think of the power to weight ratio of this, since the motive power is limited to one horsepower!
:shifty:
Akzle
6th March 2014, 13:32
if theres to be a limit it should be zero. Makes enforcement real easy. Also, you have your car, nuts or nipples crushed for the first offence. (maybe freedom of choice, maybe a spinny decidey majig)
second offence you get shot.
But im all for anarchy.
Its just that theres fuckall point (but so much profit) in enforcing anything less.
And thats ap waste of taxpayer dollars.
Muppet
6th March 2014, 13:35
Agree with what's being said above.
Personally I don't drink alcohol and ride. It's the Hogsters on their "Poker Runs" that need to worry, admit it or not we all know they're half tanked when they ride.
Oakie
6th March 2014, 13:37
Im still going to drink and ride. #YOLO
Hmmm, because YOLO, why would you want to risk it drinking and riding? (YOLO = 'You Only Live Once' for those not in the know).
pritch
6th March 2014, 13:39
If someone wants to make the roads safer they could ban driving with Google glasses or similar. I note that the "no evil" corporation is campaigning against legislation banning these in some jurisdictions. On a positive note, I do like the way wearers are referred to as glassholes.
Akzle
6th March 2014, 13:43
#YOLO
hitcher.... Can infractions be given for that shit?
Akzle
6th March 2014, 13:46
It's just dumb to consider a different limit for riders vs cagers.
What's even more fucking retarded is the fact that the article mentions breath alcohol interlock devices for vehicles. I bet every hardcore recidivist EBA offender is just going to buy some deregistered wreck and drive that around to their local pub instead if their main vehicle has such a device fitted to it.
retrofit bro. Lojac it up. Tamper proof. Unique uid Could probably target one with a drone...
Kartik
6th March 2014, 13:46
http://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/news/9798072/Lower-alcohol-limit-mooted-for-motorcyclists
Excerpt from this article -
"A road-safety group has asked a parliamentary select committee to recommend a lower drink-driving limit for motorcyclists.
The transport and industrial relations select committee is today considering submissions on the Land Transport Amendment Bill.
The bill lowers the adult breath-alcohol limit from 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath to 250mcg.
Drivers who record between 251mcg and 400mcg will face a $200 infringement fee and receive 50 demerit points."
What a bunch of crap!!!!!!!
What are your thoughts on this?
Hitcher
6th March 2014, 14:45
hitcher.... Can infractions be given for that shit?
My nipples hardened at the prospect. But alas, no.
scumdog
6th March 2014, 15:10
This....is gonna get interesting! :corn:
Tymes too!:laugh:
oneblackflag
6th March 2014, 15:16
Meh, personally never drive after beersies; Tramadol on the other hand has no effect on me.
HenryDorsetCase
6th March 2014, 16:11
It should be zero for all drivers, riders, skateboarders, and passengers.
in fact anyone within 100m of Her Majesty's Highways.
HenryDorsetCase
6th March 2014, 16:12
My nipples hardened at the prospect. But alas, no.
WWOP.
ten characters
HenryDorsetCase
6th March 2014, 16:14
Agree with what's being said above.
Personally I don't drink alcohol and ride. It's the Hogsters on their "Poker Runs" that need to worry, admit it or not we all know they're half tanked when they ride.
I enjoyed this post. Thanks for sharing
oldrider
6th March 2014, 16:30
hitcher.... Can infractions be given for that shit?
Give him one of mine ... I don't use them anymore! :laugh:
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 16:36
It should be legal for motorcyclists to ride while high on pot and/or meth. Just not too high.
Conspiracy theory really taking shape now. January TPTB swoop on us for lane splitting. Feb. they swoop on bikes parking on a wide, out of the way section of footpath that's been happily used by bikes for ages (Boulcott St, Wgtn).
For March we get calls for discrimination against riders for their choice of transport having less wheels than others! We are all equal in the eyes of the law but it seems Riders are a bit less equal these days. Why not go the whole hog and bring in different alcohol limits based on skin colour, religious following, nationality and especially those gingas. Has any research been done on how capable homosexually inclined people are at handling a motorbike? Best slam them as well, just in case limp wrists are a higher risk on a bike (actually I may have stumbled on a good point there?)
Most riders own a car as well and I know I was far more likely to drive the car after drinking, but I knew the bike demanded a sober rider and wouldn't risk it. What I'm saying is this change would capture one tenth of 1/32 of sweet F#$@ all. All the while a dozen pissheads crash their cars each weekend.
James Deuce
6th March 2014, 18:15
I think we need a Yellow Star of David campaign. That will get some fucking attention. May as well label ourselves appropriately.
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 18:22
Why not go the whole hog and bring in different alcohol limits based on skin colour, religious following, nationality and especially those gingas. Has any research been done on how capable homosexually inclined people are at handling a motorbike? Best slam them as well, just in case limp wrists are a higher risk on a bike (actually I may have stumbled on a good point there?)
I think we need a Yellow Star of David campaign. That will get some fucking attention. May as well label ourselves appropriately.
I like your way of thinking, this idea has a lot of potential.
Madness
6th March 2014, 18:27
In my opinion, incapable of safely operating any vehicle, means you can't safely operate any vehicle.
Funny, that's not what you seem to think about cannabis testing at speedway meetings :no:
neels
6th March 2014, 18:33
An interesting thought, although can't help thinking the rules for being on the road is the rules for being on the road, regardless of your choice of transport.
And anyway, if they brought in different limits, how would your average policeman that can't even understand what a LAMS approved bike is deal with someone on a trike?
oneblackflag
6th March 2014, 18:45
Funny, that's not what you seem to think about cannabis testing at speedway meetings :no:
He has demerits too, I knew it.
Madness
6th March 2014, 18:46
He has demerits too, I knew it.
Despite popular opinion, nobody's perfect.
oneblackflag
6th March 2014, 18:48
Despite popular opinion, nobody's perfect.
Shouldn't be at speedway events then should they.
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 19:56
An interesting thought, although can't help thinking the rules for being on the road is the rules for being on the road, regardless of your choice of transport.
Except for cyclists, as they should be encouraged to ride around pissed as fuck instead of operating a motor vehicle.
SPman
6th March 2014, 20:20
Fuck 'em. ACC levies based on fiddled data and bigotry and now this, based on supposition and bigotry.
Fuck 'em.
I don't drink and ride, but I'm not going to tell you what to do and neither can that small-minded, pencil-dicked, Titan Arum smelling, feeble-minded, dribbling, alzheimic, pasty, cabbage-brained, faeces-stained, vegan cyclist either.
Fuck 'em.
Fuck doing charity runs, fuck being polite, fuck helping old ladies, fuck taking my helmet off in petrol stations, fuck being civic minded and sticking to standard pipes.
Fuck. Them. All.
Don't hold back James. Tell us how you really feel........
rustyrobot
6th March 2014, 20:36
I think we need a Yellow Star of David campaign. That will get some fucking attention. May as well label ourselves appropriately.
high-vis anyone?
AllanB
6th March 2014, 20:40
Interesting.
I do not agree by principal.
However I do not drink when on the bike. I'll have a beer or two (depends if I am eating) when driving the car, but I don't touch it when riding.
Coffee on the other hand has a direct affect on my ride home - the buzz appears to transfer to the right wrist................. maybe the Police should breath test for caffeine :yes:
Gremlin
6th March 2014, 20:51
One rule for all.
Cars have more momentum, cause more damage in an accident. Perhaps they should have a lower limit? Plenty of other equally stupid theories.
Isn't the limit already going to go lower to 250? Some minor offence I thought?
Don't mind the limit going down. For all.
haydes55
6th March 2014, 20:54
Funny, that's not what you seem to think about cannabis testing at speedway meetings :no:
Because trying to ride a motorbike at over 100km/h on dirt, at full throttle, with no brakes, hitting into other riders and the wall, is the same as wofting down the road at 50% of a vehicles capabilities.
Wash that sand out of your vagina, you seem to be bleeding out of there a shit load more than once a month. If you want to keep preaching your opinion, do so in that thread. If not, use a tampon.
Yes I have demerits, because I speed, because I feel safe riding/driving regardless of a magical number the govt decided is safe for an Asian tourist with no driving skills in a 5 tonne camper. I've never been involved in an accident on the open road, and I won't put my self in a position to crash either.
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 21:17
I've never been involved in an accident on the open road, and I won't put my self in a position to crash either.
You sound like Katman.
haydes55
6th March 2014, 21:44
You sound like Katman.
Well I'm hardly going to deliberately ride in a way which risks my life. And I has too many IQ points to commit suicide by crashing into a tree. (I have matured as a rider since I started riding).
P.s I grammar good to emphasise my Intellect.
SMOKEU
6th March 2014, 21:52
Well I'm hardly going to deliberately ride in a way which risks my life. And I has too many IQ points to commit suicide by crashing into a tree. (I have matured as a rider since I started riding).
P.s I grammar good to emphasise my Intellect.
All good, I was a bit worried there for a moment. :cool:
neels
6th March 2014, 22:00
Except for cyclists, as they should be encouraged to ride around pissed as fuck instead of operating a motor vehicle.
indeed, the singlespeed ratbike is the best and fastest way home from the pub.
mashman
6th March 2014, 22:11
Excellent news. Motorcyclists are the bane of society... all they do is ride around in gangs beating up old ladies and taking their money for more beer because they don't have jobs. The more that can be fitted up the better. In fact if I were a cop, I'd be drinking on the job and then I'd breath into the little tube just as I pull over one of you fuckers.
Madness
6th March 2014, 22:12
vagina, tampon, wah wah
You're a fucking hypocrite.
Berries
6th March 2014, 23:06
I don't know, every pint I have after work adds about 20km/h to my top speed on the way home so maybe they are on to something? I will take a lower alcohol limit if it means a higher speed limit. We all know that bikes can go from 104 to 160 to 104 in an instant to make a safe overtake so if they are going to start modifying laws by user type then this should be a goer.
I used to like Trafinz. Their conferences were a big piss up which is kind of ironic. Here is their actual submission. (http://www.trafinz.org.nz/workspace/downloads/land-transport-amendment-bill-5314fceaceba1.pdf) I am quite surprised that they have singled out us as the group to be concerned with. But then the president works for Wellington City Council, so it all becomes much clearer. Fuck, they must hate you lot up there?
I think we need a Yellow Star of David campaign. That will get some fucking attention. May as well label ourselves appropriately.
That's how I'm starting to feel Jim. Oppressed I tell yah.
James Deuce
7th March 2014, 07:35
high-vis anyone?
Very good point, cleverly made.
I will start asking about where I can get hi-vis Yellow Star's of David made.
Banditbandit
7th March 2014, 07:44
if theres to be a limit it should be zero. Makes enforcement real easy. Also, you have your car, nuts or nipples crushed for the first offence. (maybe freedom of choice, maybe a spinny decidey majig)
second offence you get shot.
Oh come on - even Saudi Arabia only has the death penalty for the THIRD offence ..
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 07:45
indeed, the singlespeed ratbike is the best and fastest way home from the pub.
Now you have the right idea. In all my many years of drunk cycling I'm yet to crash when pissed.
Naki Rat
7th March 2014, 07:56
......
Coffee on the other hand has a direct affect on my ride home - the buzz appears to transfer to the right wrist................. maybe the Police should breath test for caffeine :yes:But the caffeine counteracts the drowsiness from the painkillers for my bad back. Better to be buzzing than nodding off :woohoo:
Akzle
7th March 2014, 08:21
Oh come on - even Saudi Arabia only has the death penalty for the THIRD offence ..
is that just for drinking?
Ulsterkiwi
7th March 2014, 08:44
I've never been involved in an accident on the open road, and I won't put my self in a position to crash either.
You would, as you have pointed out, be pretty stupid to put yourself in that position. I would have thought the problem was what the other guy decides to do?
Ulsterkiwi
7th March 2014, 08:46
is that just for drinking?
nope, the death penalty for any and all offences, keeps things simple, no arguments about appropriate sentencing, they are all inappropriate. :yes:
Paul in NZ
7th March 2014, 09:11
Very good point, cleverly made.
I will start asking about where I can get hi-vis Yellow Star's of David made.
You don't need to - outlaw gangs have perfected the motorcycle version and its the 3 piece back patch.
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 09:28
Oh come on - even Saudi Arabia only has the death penalty for the THIRD offence ..
is that just for drinking?
nope, the death penalty for any and all offences, keeps things simple, no arguments about appropriate sentencing, they are all inappropriate. :yes:
Death penalty for adultery.
Death penalty for insulting Islam.
Death penalty for women not dressed modestly.
And death penalty for whatever other bullshit they can come up with.
Ulsterkiwi
7th March 2014, 09:30
Death penalty for adultery.
Death penalty for insulting Islam.
Death penalty for women not dressed modestly.
And death penalty for whatever other bullshit they can come up with.
See Akzle? you would be dead within minutes of arrival, multiple times.....
Akzle
7th March 2014, 09:46
See Akzle? you would be dead within minutes of arrival, multiple times.....
what??
My anti jew work is outstanding. And i always ensure that the women i own dress apropriately.
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 09:47
what??
My anti jew work is outstanding. And i always ensure that the women i own dress apropriately.
You'll just about fit right in then!
Ulsterkiwi
7th March 2014, 10:00
what??
My anti jew work is outstanding. And i always ensure that the women i own dress apropriately.
there is that.......maybe they would just cut your hands off then.....
Banditbandit
7th March 2014, 10:40
See Akzle? you would be dead within minutes of arrival, multiple times.....
I think Saudi law would decimate a large percentage of the Kiwibiker population .. for any number of offences
mstriumph
7th March 2014, 12:57
I think Saudi law would decimate a large percentage of the Kiwibiker population .. for any number of offences
Theoretically the historical meaning (ie decimate = to kill one in every ten) already defines that percentage? :shutup: Sorry ... as you were.
Back on topic; you REALLY want to improve road safety?
:sunny:lower the permitted alcohol level to zero for all drivers,
:sunny:physically inhibit radios, cd players, etc. from being adjusted/set/reset unless the vehicle is stationary,
:sunny:make it an offence for drivers to eat, drink, use a phone or satnav whilst the vehicle is in motion,
:sunny:make it mandatory for kids, dogs and nagging spouses to be secured in a cage (preferably soundproof) to the rear of the driver where they can't distract .......
I could go on, but you get the picture
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 13:02
there is that.......maybe they would just cut your hands off then.....
"As for the thief, both male and female, cut off their hands. It is the reward of their own deeds, an exemplary punishment from Allah. Allah is Mighty, Wise."
Qur'an 5:38
"The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land: that is their disgrace in this world, and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter;"
Qur'an 5:33
I think Saudi law would decimate a large percentage of the Kiwibiker population .. for any number of offences
In Snackbaristan, very few of us would be safe from the sharia courts, especially women.
pritch
7th March 2014, 13:07
Let's not discuss what the arabs get up to. There was a recent report, complete with colour photo, where a girl maybe 12 years old or early teens, was stoned to death for adultery. The "adultery" consisted of the fact that she had a Facebook page. I just find that totally depressing.
mstriumph
7th March 2014, 13:11
Let's not discuss what the arabs get up to. There was a recent report, complete with colour photo, where a girl maybe 12 years old or early teens, was stoned to death for adultery. The "adultery" consisted of the fact that she had a Facebook page. I just find that totally depressing.
didn't your Mother WARN you about Facebook??
mashman
7th March 2014, 13:11
Let's not discuss what the arabs get up to. There was a recent report, complete with colour photo, where a girl maybe 12 years old or early teens, was stoned to death for adultery. The "adultery" consisted of the fact that she had a Facebook page. I just find that totally depressing.
Aye... the world's gone bat shit crazy. She should have used Twitter.
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 13:16
Let's not discuss what the arabs get up to. There was a recent report, complete with colour photo, where a girl maybe 12 years old or early teens, was stoned to death for adultery. The "adultery" consisted of the fact that she had a Facebook page. I just find that totally depressing.
And those same people are then flocking to white countries and spreading their hatred and filth, and we're expected to sit back and allow it to happen. You know they also stone homosexuals to death too.
Akzle
7th March 2014, 13:26
And those same people are then flocking to white countries and spreading their hatred and filth, and we're expected to sit back and allow it to happen. You know they also stone homosexuals to death too.
fuck up you ignorant self righteous twat.
Thats EXACTLY what the white (jewnited kingdom, jewnited States of Assholes) war machine is doing to arab land.
Back to africa with your crap, where whites got it totally right...
SMOKEU
7th March 2014, 13:47
fuck up you ignorant self righteous twat.
Thats EXACTLY what the white (jewnited kingdom, jewnited States of Assholes) war machine is doing to arab land.
Back to africa with your crap, where whites got it totally right...
So is it OK to chop heads off and stone people to death just because they have slightly different beliefs from you?
Akzle
7th March 2014, 14:05
So is it OK to chop heads off and stone people to death just because they have slightly different beliefs from you?
actually rather that than the way jews have the west going. The social amorality sickens me.
Im amazed that you keep your head so firmly up your ass about the continuing "atrocities" perpetrated by white christian folk, in whatever name,
and justify because "theres more videos on gore tube"
so unless youve got some new material: tits or stfu.
oldrider
7th March 2014, 14:09
fuck up you ignorant self righteous twat.
Thats EXACTLY what the white (jewnited kingdom, jewnited States of Assholes) war machine is doing to arab land.
Back to africa with your crap, where whites got it totally right...
Missed a big one out, your slipping Akzle .... jewnited nations! :spanking:
Banditbandit
7th March 2014, 14:10
Theoretically the historical meaning (ie decimate = to kill one in every ten) already defines that percentage? :shutup: Sorry ... as you were.
I knew that - I thought that as I typed and considered changing it - and then I though 'Shit, it's KBiker' ... no-one will noticed
And along came little mstriumph !!!
Akzle
7th March 2014, 14:17
Missed a big one out, your slipping Akzle .... jewnited nations! :spanking:
and you missed an apostrophe and a vowel.
http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20081220105234/uncyclopedia/images/1/1c/Go_fuck_yourself.png
:D :p
rustyrobot
7th March 2014, 14:23
You're in fine form today Akzle - did you skip a dose or double up?
In the lesser repeated words of renowned grammaticist David Tua - I'd like to buy a P.
Saudis - Americans - Russians - White nationalists - whatever. Seems to me it's extremists that are the problem - what ever colour they are or flag they fly.
PrincessBandit
7th March 2014, 14:36
What a crock of shit. Motor vehicle accidents still far outnumber motorcycle accidents so why just decide to pick on us.
Besides that, i would suggest that very few bike riders actually drink and ride compared to car drivers that drink and drive.
Motorcyclists are an easy target - we all know that anyway - so it's just another kick in the guts for us.
Personally I don't drink if I'm on the bike, although I will have a couple if I'm driving. It's just logical for me that with a lapse of judgement in the car I'm less likely to get sliced/diced/creamed than the same thing happening on the bike.
However, to make one rule focussing on a select group when so many others (which have already been mentioned) also should be included is laughable. Oh wait, this is Nee-you Zulland and picking on easy targets is a national pastime.
Akzle
7th March 2014, 14:40
picking on easy targets is a national pastime.
budumdum tch!
Get it?
Ender EnZed
7th March 2014, 15:02
What would be really interesting is: in how many bins, does the rider have a measure between 251 and 400? Suspect the answer is fuck all, so reducing the limit from 400 to 251 would do what?
The limit is already being lowered to 250 for everyone. Trafinz wants it to be lower than that for motorcyclists.
This proposal is about lowering the limit for motorcyclists to no more than half what it currently is.
FJRider
7th March 2014, 18:41
Funny, that's not what you seem to think about cannabis testing at speedway meetings :no:
If it's not on a public highway ... what harm can it do .. ??? <_<
MarkH
7th March 2014, 19:24
One rule for all.
Cars have more momentum, cause more damage in an accident. Perhaps they should have a lower limit? Plenty of other equally stupid theories.
Isn't the limit already going to go lower to 250? Some minor offence I thought?
Don't mind the limit going down. For all.
I agree - same for all or else make it lower for cars and even lower for heavier vehicles - because they constitute a greater risk for other motorists and also pedestrians and cyclists.
James Deuce
7th March 2014, 19:37
and you missed an apostrophe and a vowel.
http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20081220105234/uncyclopedia/images/1/1c/Go_fuck_yourself.png
:D :p
No, I'd like to void my bowel.
Akzle
7th March 2014, 21:41
No, I'd like to void my bowel.
thatll cost ya an extra 2spot.
Unless you stab her first.
Damhik.
Brian d marge
8th March 2014, 00:00
Why should I have to stop drinking just because some fella cant handle his shandy
Stephen
oldrider
8th March 2014, 08:22
Polititians making more rules that cannot be policed effectively ... have you noticed the reduction in cell phone use while driving lately? :blip: EPIC FAIL!
Akzle
8th March 2014, 14:22
Polititians making more rules that cannot be policed effectively ... have you noticed the reduction in cell phone use while driving lately? :blip: EPIC FAIL!
i KB while driving. On a nokia with buttons.
No fuken latés involved.
Townies should be banned from taking a vehicle anywhere that isnt town.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.5 Copyright © 2025 vBulletin Solutions Inc. All rights reserved.