I am no expert - believe me - but in my limited experience it works like this: -
Firstly, the drier the sand is, the more difficult it is. For the first time in history the Simpson desert is closed because it has been so dry that the sand is like talcum powder and just too difficult for safety. Normally, it gets enough condensation overnight to keep it rideable, but that hasn't been happening.
Secondly, if it is rideable, there are 2 common ways to deal with it. The most common way for dropkicks like me is to paddle your way through at low speed with the engine doing just enough to keep you moving at a manageable speed. The advantage of this method is that when you have an off (and you will have lots) it is at low speed in soft going and unlikely to result in damage or injury. The disadvantage is that it is really tiring and just generally hard work.
The second most common way is to get your weight as far back as you can and gas it. I was once told that 80 k is good, 100 k is better and I think that's probably about right. The more experienced/skilled here should feel free to correct me. The advantage of this method is that it is MUCH less tiring than the first and obviously much faster. The disadvantage is that it is MUCH more risky. Far better riders than I, have injured themselves riding sand this way - usually broken upper body parts - collar bones, ribs, shoulder blades etc. The problem is largely controlling the front wheel in uneven going. If it is in a rut, the sides of the rut want to pull the front offline and chuck the bike sideways and it happens way to fast to react to. This is where steering dampers help. I am told (I have no personal experience of using a steering damper in sand) that it is normal to wind the damper as tight as it will go and steer by weight shift.
Guys who know what they are doing can perform wonders here. I believe (don't quote me) the record for crossing the Simpson on a bike, is 10 hours. This is astounding.
As I said, this is mostly (but not entirely) hearsay. I have ridden fast in rough, soft sand, but stupidly, only when I was so tired that I had to, if I was to continue at all.
Generally speaking, in sand, the more agressive your tyres, the better.
I may not be as good as I once was, but I'm as good once as I always was.
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