The statement also seems at odds with what I have been working with in KZ2 kart engines.
These 125 engines have a U bend stinger dumping into a large muffler.
Two mufflers are available, one with the muffler perf a couple of mm bigger than the stinger ID, the other around 50mm ID.
The larger muffler would in effect create the conditions at the stinger end replicating dumping into atmosphere.
It also happens to add around 6 Hp at 14000 - so if the wave action within the stinger due to its length is having no effect, then what is causing this.
It certainly isnt the small muffler simply affecting the pressure in the pipe due to a flow restriction.
The length appears critical, so i am going to try adding length to the stinger inside the big muffler to see what happens ( this isnt a tech item by the way, and yes I put a venturi inside the stock stinger as well ).
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